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從時(shí)間敏感網(wǎng)絡(luò)的影響來看，兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)很明顯。首先，行業(yè)應(yīng)該考慮有哪些開放網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)可以幫助他們將當(dāng)前的工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)遷移到與 TSN 兼容。其次，任何評(píng)估都需要結(jié)合 TSN 和千兆以太網(wǎng)。
智能工廠概念的實(shí)施旨在提供不斷提高的效率和生產(chǎn)力。通過提供在整個(gè)企業(yè)內(nèi)外流動(dòng)的連續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)流，可以實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控和管理制造過程。時(shí)間敏感網(wǎng)絡(luò) (TSN) 技術(shù)通過為當(dāng)今的工業(yè)通信提供越來越全面的方法，使智能制造的前景更加接近。
連接性是當(dāng)前工業(yè)領(lǐng)域正在經(jīng)歷的數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵要求，其作用將繼續(xù)變得越來越突出。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)長(zhǎng)期以來一直很好地服務(wù)于制造業(yè)，多年來不斷發(fā)展，以應(yīng)對(duì)工業(yè)通信中的新挑戰(zhàn)和要求。然而，它的一些功能正變得越來越過時(shí)，阻礙了企業(yè)采用工業(yè) 4.0。
只有圍繞智能制造、工業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng) (IIoT) 和大數(shù)據(jù)的需求構(gòu)建的新技術(shù)才能成功解決這個(gè)問題。由 IEEE 802.1 定義的 TSN 為當(dāng)前的工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)提供了通向未來的遷移路徑。
從根本上說，創(chuàng)建響應(yīng)迅速且透明的網(wǎng)絡(luò)物理企業(yè)需要系統(tǒng)來監(jiān)控、控制所有流程操作并做出分散的自主決策。實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的優(yōu)雅方法是使用一個(gè)單一的工業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)來提供信息技術(shù) (IT) 和運(yùn)營技術(shù) (OT) 的必要融合。在實(shí)踐中，只有少數(shù)公司擁有這種。通常，任何給定的工廠都會(huì)有許多不同類型的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，因?yàn)殡S著時(shí)間的推移并根據(jù)不同的需求進(jìn)行安裝。TSN 可以通過在同一網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上統(tǒng)一多個(gè)不同的工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)協(xié)議來解決這個(gè)問題。
這些功能由定義 TSN 的一組 IEEE 802.1 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)啟用。其中的關(guān)鍵是 802.1AS 和 Qbv。它們分別定義了網(wǎng)絡(luò)上設(shè)備的同步和控制流量的優(yōu)先級(jí)。TSN 確保以可靠和確定的方式處理重要的過程數(shù)據(jù)，同時(shí)允許較低優(yōu)先級(jí)的流量在同一網(wǎng)絡(luò)上共存。因此，TSN 不僅提供生產(chǎn)力優(yōu)勢(shì)，而且還降低了與網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施相關(guān)的擁有成本。
消除關(guān)鍵和非關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)共享之間的任何物理隔離，簡(jiǎn)化了網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃，并降低了與布線和網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理相關(guān)的資本支出 (CAPEX) 和運(yùn)營費(fèi)用 (OPEX)。
注意力集中在 TSN 允許“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”以太網(wǎng)具有確定性這一事實(shí)上。雖然這是真的，但 TSN 僅針對(duì)以太網(wǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層。它不考慮工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)協(xié)議解決的更別的功能，例如安全和運(yùn)動(dòng)控制。尋找未來通信遷移路徑的用戶需要考慮如何將 TSN 與這些需求相結(jié)合，以確保高性能和功能。
此外，作為設(shè)備制造商目前可以選擇和混合的一系列開放 IEEE 技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，TSN 確保遵循相同 IEEE 802.1 子標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的技術(shù)之間的開放性和未來互連性。IEC/IEEE 60802 工作組目前正在以此為基礎(chǔ)，創(chuàng)建一組用于在自動(dòng)化中使用 TSN 的配置文件，以確保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。
這些機(jī)會(huì)有可能有助于改進(jìn)制造流程并提高采用 TSN 的企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看，它們將改變?nèi)蛑圃鞓I(yè)。工廠自動(dòng)化業(yè)務(wù)的主要參與者已經(jīng)推出了一系列支持 TSN 的產(chǎn)品，因此這個(gè)概念不是理論上的未來世界，而是工業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展中非常堅(jiān)實(shí)的一步。TSN 提供的連接水平將有助于將生產(chǎn)工廠內(nèi)的不同“自動(dòng)化島”連接成一個(gè)獨(dú)立且自我協(xié)調(diào)的“生命系統(tǒng)”，以響應(yīng)包括波動(dòng)輸入和預(yù)定事件在內(nèi)的許多變量。
TSN 可以支持的網(wǎng)絡(luò)物理系統(tǒng)不僅限于自動(dòng)化，還可以擴(kuò)展到資產(chǎn)管理和預(yù)測(cè)性維護(hù)。當(dāng)與 OPC UA 結(jié)合使用時(shí)，TSN 提供了一個(gè)高效可靠的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，用于傳輸有關(guān)物理機(jī)器及其虛擬對(duì)應(yīng)物性能的高質(zhì)量真實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)。因此，可以創(chuàng)建高度準(zhǔn)確且響應(yīng)迅速的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)字雙胞胎。
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These capabilities are enabled by the set of IEEE 802.1 standards that define TSN. Key amongst them are 802.1AS and Qbv. These define the synchronisation of devices on a network and control the prioritisation of traffic respectively. TSN ensures that vital process data is handled in a reliable and deterministic manner, while allowing lower priority traffic to co-exist on the same network. Hence, not only does TSN offer productivity benefits, but it also lowers cost of ownership associated with the network infrastructure.
The removal of any physical separation between critical and non-critical data sharing, simplifies network planning as well as reducing capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX) associated with cabling and network administration.
Attention has been focused on the fact that TSN allows “standard” Ethernet to be deterministic. While this is true, TSN only addresses the data link layer of Ethernet. It does not consider higher level functions addressed by industrial Ethernet protocols, such as safety and motion control. Users looking for a migration path to future communications need to consider how TSN can be combined with these needs to ensure high performance and functionality.
Moreover, as a series of open IEEE technical standards that device makers can currently pick and mix, TSN ensures openness and future interconnectivity among technologies adhering to the same IEEE 802.1 sub-standards. The IEC/IEEE 60802 working group is currently building on this by creating a set of profiles for using TSN in automation to ensure standardisation.
Revolutionising smart manufacturing
These opportunities have the potential to contribute to improving manufacturing processes and increased competitiveness for businesses that adopt TSN. In the long term, they will transform global manufacturing. Major players in the factory automation business have already introduced a range of products that support TSN, so the concept isn’t a theoretical tomorrow’s world, but very much a solid step in the evolution of industrial networking. The level of connectivity offered by TSN will help to connect different ‘islands of automation’ within a production plant into one independent and self-coordinated ‘living system’ responsive to many variables including both fluctuating inputs and scheduled events.
Cyber-physical systems that TSN can support are not confined to automation but can be extended to asset management and predictive maintenance. When combined with OPC UA, TSN provides an efficient and reliable network for the transfer of high-quality, real-world data on the performance of physical machines and their virtual counterparts. As a result, it is possible to create highly accurate and responsive real-time digital twins.
